That business hit hard times when he refused to give free liquor to his biggest client. After much debate, Jim convinced them to open the next store, his store, in Kemmerer, Wyoming, in the heart of a growing coal district. At 17, she bore her only child, a daughter named Lelia. Old friends and relatives loaned him money to get through this period, and the company briefly paid him a salary for the first time in many years. When to Buy. Legends about him abound: that he would not hire someone who salted his food before trying it, because that meant he was pessimistic; that his executives had to leave tips when they lunched together, as he did not believe in tipping. Jim then profitably raised and sold hogs. "Courteous treatment will make a customer a walking advertisement.". Do you think they were effective? Why do you think both Walker and Penney were successful as business owners? Ultimately, Penney was characterized by the faith he put in his own hard work and in the potential in his employees. But life was not easy on J. C. Penneyin 1910, his beloved Berta contracted pneumonia and died suddenly, leaving him with two small boys, a broken man. ", Over the next twelve hours, he experienced a kind of conversion. Make sure to address the following questions: What did each person do? (A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection). Jim was relentless. 1. I have found that unselfishness pays because it tends to engender unselfishness. With letters of recommendation in hand, the young man headed west toward the Rockies in the summer of 1897. Our growth has not been chance. As a teenager, J. C. Penney worked on surrounding farms growing watermelons and feeding pigs. (prolonged applause.)1. By selling dry goods, notions, shoes, and clothing at fair prices, the Callahans Golden Rule Store in Longmont had prospered. By the 1920s, J. C. Penney was worth perhaps $40 million, over $500 million today. The policy upon which we expect to build is just what the name implies. At a busy intersection in the bustling city of Indianapolis, Indiana, stands the imposing four-story brick structure known as the Walker Building. He bought his first in the small mining community of Kemmerer, Wyoming, in 1902. He cut off the whiskey, lost the customer, and the butcher shop failed, Jim losing all his savings in the process. (Economics) Howard Schultz James Cash Penney Margaret Hutchison (Not until 1927 did the company have stock which was the same for everyone, but this was supplemented by handing out a sixth of each stores profits to its managers.). The agent pushed the coin back across the counter, saying that the price had gone up to 25 cents, but only for "colored persons." . After clerking in one store, he helped a partner start a new store, and eventually, he bought a Golden Rule store of his own in Kemmerer, Wyoming, in 1902. In fact, his first store was called The Golden Rule. . Walker and James Cash Penney. Within two years, his pay increased twelve-fold. Two American Entrepreneurs: Madam C.J. Walker and J.C. Penney (Teaching Above and beyond his shrewd business sense, James Cash Penney had an enduring desire for fairness in his business dealings. The city was served by eight major railway systems and was home to a substantial African-American community. "Individual commitment to a group effort - that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work." Vince Lombardi. His store carried men's, women's and children's clothing, shoes, notions, and fabric for sewing. The address is 6l7 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. At fifteen, he started working Saturdays in a local store and took a liking to storekeeping. Does the artist's conception of the first store seem idealized? Expansion became a regular program for Penney. Jims $3,750 one-third share of the 1904 $11,250 profit is equivalent to about $102,000 today, not including his managers salary. But the store base was still largely in small towns in the West, often in cities of under 10,000 population (shades of Sam Walton!). "Penney, James Cash Her husband died in 1887, when Sarah was 19. In 1895, two years after his high school graduation, Penney discovered what would prove to be his life's calling when he began working part-time as a sales clerk at a general store in Hamilton. The company was a wreck, on the verge of death. Virtually overnight, the company dropped the frequent price promotions of prior leadership. Penney, who had passed on an applicant who would not work Sundays, wrote Sams to insure nothing was misunderstood, [Our man] must be a hustler, not afraid to work. How did Penney indicate that following the Golden Rule would help business and benefit customers? J. C. Penney: An American Witness to God's Grace - LinkedIn Curry, Mary E. Creating an American Institution: The Merchandising Genius of J.C. Penney. Don't sit down and wait for the opportunities to come. Shortly after his son's birth, the elder Penney, who combined occupations of stock farmer, Primitive Baptist preacher, and politician, moved his family to town so that his children could attend school. After working briefly in Denver as a dry goods clerk, he moved to Longmont, Colorado, where he bought a butcher shop. Businessman James Cash Penney points to a picture of his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming. The local bank cashier strongly advised Penney against opening a "cash only" store because three other merchants had failed to compete successfully with the stores of the mining companies, which offered credit. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Because St. Louis already had several cosmetic companies, Walker decided to move to another city to set up her own business. My Newly Acquired Associates: Compare the locations of the cities marked on the map. One morning he awoke too early for breakfast and was wandering the corridors when he heard a hymn he remembered from childhood. September 16, 1875 - February 12, 1971. Imparts a rich, healthy lustre. J. C. Penney, as he was now more often called than Jim, had no limits on his ambitions. Wilmington, Delaware 19801 Completed in 1927, this magnificent building marks the climax of the career of Madam C.J. What conditions of her childhood made Sarah Breedlove Walker understand the value of hard work? Walker left one unfulfilled dream. Give me a stock clerk with a goal and I'll give you a man who will make history. "1 Many in Kemmerer thought Penney's business would fail. The Walker Building is located at the intersection of West Street and Indiana Avenue in downtown Indianapolis. J.C. Penney Company, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business He and Berta named their second son Johnson Callahan Penney in honor of his revered mentors and partners. Jim wasnt happy, but went along with his fathers wishes. As late as the 1960s, Penney would still make the rounds of his stores, even stepping behind the counter to assist customers. For your own sake we should have your business. For medical reasons he moved to Colorado in 1897 and was soon hired by local dry-goods merchants Guy Johnson and T.M. He had never been much of a book reader, preferring practical experience, but in 1915 he discovered the bookYouth and Opportunityby Dr. Thomas Tapper. Later that year she built her dream house, a mansion in Irvington-on-Hudson, a wealthy community north of New York City. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. But Sams decided to go with Jim Penney. Callahan. Web site: http://www.american, Mercantile Stores Company, Inc. Why do you think Madam Walker would have used the portraits shown in Photo 4 in advertisements? Guided by the love of his new wife and the Golden Rule principle, the inspired young businessman began a journey that would take him to undreamed of success. Why would Walker have decided to establish her business and subsequently plan a commercial and social building in this area? We will buy only good merchandise to sell to our customers. How did Walker benefit the lives of African-American women? Updates? But when neighbors complained about the squealing noise, his father made him sell the pigs well before they were fattened for market. The Center also includes a small museum with Walker memorabilia and is host to the annual Madame Walker Spirit Awards for Entrepreneurs. But Jim deferred, saying Ogden was too big, that he preferred smaller towns where he could know all his customers and their needs. J. C. Penney remained extremely active in the affairs of the company, but he and the others at the top were far from autocratic. So are we writing about him simply because he was a Christian who happened to be rich and famous? Is not service part and parcel of business? Gather up a collection of fairly recent magazines and newspapers (the students can help) and have students work in groups with at least 10 different kinds of ads. In 1971, when James Cash Penney died at age ninety-five, the annual sales of the J. C. Penney company were $16 billion, second only among non-food retailers to then giant Sears, Roebuck. Madam C.J. Imparts an olive tint to fair complexions and harmonizes bewitchingly with darker skins. When I went to Kemmerer in 1902, I had no idea that (in 1921) we would have 313 storesbut that didn't prevent me from doing my best and working with all my might. 3. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Jims big chance was a store 25-feet wide and 45-feet deep. The following selections show both their determination and their dedication to meet those goals. Born in Hamilton, Missouri, his father was an impoverished farmer and part-time Baptist preacher. It diversified broadly into drug stores, discount stores, a mail-order catalog, and European retailing. How did Walker show her commitment to helping other African-American women achieve the success that would bring independence and self-respect? He grew up in a stern, joyless family. In your answer, compare and contrast their achievements. Walker's traveling agents taught these women to set up beauty shops in their homes, keep business records, and make their customers feel pampered and valued. 20 cents per large bar. Each had well-defined philosophies about their goals in life. Most of the quotes in the article come from a compilation of his writings entitledLines of A Layman: The Golden Rule in Everyday Living. 2. The Great Leaders Series: James Cash Penney, Founder of J.C. Penney. (Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This issue was based largely on the book The Spiritual Journey of J. C. Penney, by Dr. Orlando L. Tibbetts, published by Rutledge Books (1-800-278-8533 or www.rutledgebooks.com). Obtainable in rose-flesh and white. 4) To analyze the factors necessary for founding a successful business today and compare them with those needed in Walker's and Penney's day. Have them categorize advertisements for beauty products and services and for Penney's or similar stores such as Montgomery Ward. Ask them whether any buildings associated with these businesses remain. Fifty Years With The Golden Rule. Economics Module 3 Review Flashcards | Quizlet Standard 2C- The student understands how new cultural movements at different social levels affected American life.Era 7: The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930). Give me a man with no goals and I'll give you a stock clerk. Between 1920 and 1930, more than 1,250 new stores opened, most of them on Main Streets in small towns across America. In what ways did the Walker and Penney businesses benefit society? He seemed to have a knack for merchandising. 3. Fax: (501) 376-591, Galeries Lafayette S.A. . She left the day-to-day management of her manufacturing operation in Indianapolis to F.B. How did he assure the customer that there were no "cheap goods" at Penney stores? He then spent a half a day each day for the next eighteen months being tutored by Tapper, who introduced him to the great literature and thinkers of the ages. 2. Six decades later, Penney's vision is still alive at the working farm. The seventh principle was "To test our every policy, method, and act in this wise: 'Does it square with what is right and just?'" Business grew and in 1908, Walker and Lelia settled in Pittsburgh where they established Lelia College, a training facility for the Walker System of Hair Culture. Walker continued to tour the country promoting her business and hiring hairdressers and door-to-door sales representatives. James Cash Penney. In a 25-by-140 foot section of the first floor, Penney developed and refined the merchandising ideas that led to the growth of his successful chain of stores. Callahan and Johnson had previously promoted store managers to partners, and implied to Jim that the same might happen to him if he performed. Sometimes they may make you poor. The company continued to grow by incentivizing store managers, and later employees, with stock. He underwrote Christian causes like theChristian Heraldmagazine. Penneys first job was clerking in a general store for a salary of $2.27 per month. Some of the remedy was grown in Africa, but I sent for it, mixed it, put it on my scalp, and in a few weeks my hair was coming in faster than it had ever fallen out. The Library of Congress's American Memory Web page offers a collection of materials titled, Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921-1929. For your steadfast love is before my eyes, and I will walk in faithfulness to you" (Psalms 26:1-2). What is the future of JCPenney? - IronSet The younger J. C. Penney survived being widowed twice and losing almost all his wealth in the Great Depression, but continued leading, writing, teaching, and preaching until his death at the age of ninety-five. It is a fitting tribute to a woman who once proclaimed, "Perseverance is my motto!" Topics: The lesson could be used in American History courses in units on early 20thcentury business development. We have a good future for a man who is capable and not afraid of work.. At the age of eight, Penney's father told him he would be responsible for clothing himself, and soon he was earning more than enough for his sartorial needs selling junk, growing watermelons and raising pigs. The boy was one of twelve children, only six of whom survived to adulthood. What did he mean when he wrote, "You are invited to become a member of our large Golden Rule family." What adjectives can you use to describe this section of the advertisement? By 1941, J. C. Penney operated 1,600 stores in all of the lower 48 states. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Prove me, O Lord, and try me. In 1913, the successful business was incorporated as the J.C. Penney Company. 2. . He finished high school and worked mostly in store clerk positions. Today the building houses commercial businesses as well as the Madame Walker Theatre Center, which provides arts and cultural programs and education for children and adults. 75009 Paris And above all else, cooperatingwith headquarters, with the other Golden Rule Stores, and within their own communities. THESE ARE BUT FOUR OF EIGHTEEN MADAM C. J. WALKER BEAUTY PREPARATIONS--AS FINE AS MONEY CAN BUY. James Cash Penney was born September 16, 1875, to Mary Paxton and James Cash Penney, Sr., on a farm near Hamilton, Missouri. The name of our store is "The Golden Rule Stores." Both had to become self-reliant at very early ages and learned that hard work alone would not fulfill their aspirations. In 1959 alone, at the age of eighty-four, he attended fifty-nine store openings, made a hundred speeches, spent two hundred days on the road travelling sixty thousand miles, and appeared on twenty-seven radio and television programs. 709 East South Temple In his second job there, as a dry goods clerk, he discovered the merchant had a dual pricing system: high prices for those who could afford them, half price for those who could not. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1998, s.v. Service brings satisfaction. She began selling her homemade products door-to-door in 1905 in Denver, Colorado. Today, the store still has 1,109 locations throughout the United States and a market capitalization of almost $8 billion. The young couple lived above the store, using shoe boxes for chairs and packing cases for tables. We have grown--are growing, like no other store in the country. Penney continued to learn. How does Photo 5 differ from the images in Photo 4? The facts herein stated can not be disputed. Penney himself became known as the "Man with a Thousand Partners.". There are reasons for everything. But they need to be lived out in every aspect of life. Reading 3 was compiled from materials provided by A'Lelia P. Bundles and the J.C. Penney Archives, Dallas, TX. Walker and J.C. Penney Central accountants and buyers were put in place. The Golden Rule. Document 2 was provided courtesy of the J.C. Penney Archives, Dallas, TX. (Applause.) His parents had instilled in him a basic Christian faith that had given him the principles on which he had based his life and his business, yet now that faith was being tested. Managers mentored and nourished each other. Portland, Oregon 97202 Walker (1867-1919) developed, manufactured, and sold formulas for hair care and other beauty products for African-American women. They added two daughters to the family. The company also opened its own catalog business. - James Cash Penney. It shifted from its small-town Western base into a major national retailer as an anchor in malls from coast to coast. Walker, offers a wealth of information on Madam Walker. I think I need say no more, because in those few words, I have said much. James Cash Penney, the founder of the once giant retailer, based his business philosophy on one simple personal mission statement: "Do unto others as you would have others do unto you" the Golden Rule. 1) To identify the attributes that helped Walker and Penney to succeed as entrepreneurs. Additionally, he married and found living in a healthier environment stimulated his goals, ambitions, and imagination. Between 1920 and 1930, 1,250 new Penneys popped up in small towns across the country and the company went public in 1927. She eventually distributed them nationwide (and even internationally) through mail-order and with the help of trained door-to-door sales representatives known as "Walker Agents." My talk to you this evening is to be very brief and very much to the point. A bargain at 10 cents a bar. This one lastedfor forty-five years, until Penneys death. He wrote three books of reminiscences and Christian inspiration. 2. Wonderful Hair Grower, Glossine, and Vegetable Shampoo were well accepted by the African-American women of Denver. In recent years, we have witnessed a steady stream of corporate executives defrauding their companies and stockholders. But throughout this period, he never stopped preaching and writing, espousing his belief in human nature, in Christianity, and in his many J. C. Penney partners. --J. C. Penney. Students can establish their own categories or you might suggest grouping together advertisements with an emphasis on price, quality, style, convenience, or importance to specific ethnic or age groups. 2. Our aim is to sell you Reliable, Staple, Dependable Merchandise at a less price than any other house in the country. The banks called in his loans and his collateral including Florida real estate, the value of which was also devastated.