In this way, Disocoridess. The interweaving lines allude to vines along with the leaves that protrude from the general structure. The Sasanians. Music. [Ta-Ha 20:120] The complex irrigation systems created by Islamic engineers allowed for the transportation of water throughout not only the gardens but also the dry landscape as well. Question 44: Is This Ayat Contrary To Islam Being Universal? Question 103: Is Sacrifice And Offering Possible? The Jews will hide behind rocks and trees, and the rocks and trees will say: O Muslim, O slave of Allaah! The four-fold garden incorporated many important factors of Islamic religion and culture. Within physical gardens, these four water channels provided much needed irrigation for straight lines were efficient in distributing water to the plants. Islam considers the witness reported by a man to be equal to that of two women. In this way, Disocoridess De Materia Medica, in its translated form, shows the importance of plants to Islamic culture. And the greatest sin of that Adam is knowledge. Haram is divided into two categories: 1) Small Sins (Saghair) and 2) Major sins (Kabair). Labatt, Annie. Jaabir said: "It was crying because of the dhikr (remembrance of Allaah) that it used to hear." Aniconism in Islam is the avoidance of images ( aniconism) of sentient beings in some forms of Islamic art. The facts learnt from the sources of guidance is that the prohibited tree tree of jealously and a kind of adversion. Or there was something similar to this and Adam was involved in this. Jaabir said: "I kept away, for fear that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) might feel my presence and move even further away. You verily will eat of the trees of Zaqqoom. Jazak Allah Khairun. Each page from the. Which religion does not worship the idol of god? Verily, you were (pretending to be the mighty, the generous! Question 14: What Is The Philosophy of Bathing The Dead Body And Bath For Touching The Dead Body? Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 2 - Cutting down the lote trees in the Haram. 244258. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said, "laa dharara wa laa dhirar." We are helpless regarding our actions? "Then, moreover, verily, - you the erring-ones, the deniers (of Resurrection)! In this world, their souls are aware of what happens to their friends and loved ones in this world. Question 46: Hearing And Sight In The Holy Quran. It introduces non-Muslims to the Islamic perspective on living creatures and provides information about plants nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Utbah ibn Abdin al-Salami said: "A Bedouin came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and asked him about al-Hawd (the cistern). The Tree of Tooba in Paradise Hitting oneself or another. The tree in the righteous vision that was narrated concerning the sajdah (prostration) to be performed when reciting certain aayaat of the Quraan All plants are considered to be permissible under Islamic rules, with the exception of plants that are harmful to health. Islam also teaches humans that all creatures of God, whether it be the tiny ant or the huge lion, . In conclusion, what underlies the prohibition of sculptures in Islam is to maintain the belief of oneness, to avoid resembling the supreme Creator in creation, to take measures against depiction of private parts, to avoid wastage in a field that has more harm than good, etc. Question 35: Where Are Two Easts And Two Wests? 3. Through the inclusion of these wealthy women and many of their beautiful vases, seen in the grass, this work shows the importance and prestige that was associated with gardens. We can in some small way reverse . ABSTRACT. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. from Iran, currently in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, depicts one of the most typical layouts of the Islamic garden, the four-fold garden known as the Chahar Bagh. Question 47: Why Would The False Gods Be Put In The Fire? Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in which is not the case for animals and plants. Below we will discuss some major actions forbidden (Haram) in Islam. Through the use of plant motifs in all of these art forms, the pivotal role that plants played in Islamic culture is apparent. Question 88: Why The Youth of Today Avoid Religious Gatherings? With the complex system of irrigation required to build gardens, it is understandable that these environments were so revered in Islamic culture. Intoxicants are forbidden for Muslims to consume. According to a report narrated by Muslim, he said: "When it was covered with whatever covered it by the command of Allaah, it changed, and none of the creation of Allaah could describe its beauty." and What did the Almighty desire? Allaah also says about it (interpretation of the meaning): (Muslim, 5024) Before the discussion begins on the forbidden tree which was situated in the garden where Prophet Adam (as) was sent to, it should be emphasized that this is not an essay on the fallibility of Prophet Adam (as). These irrigation systems were necessary to sustain Islamic cities but also provided opportunities to manipulate the natural environment for aesthetic pleasure through gardens. Enter valid first name and last name with at least one space. Thus when Quran introduced Adam it says that he was a dressed and respectable person who became naked due to disobedience. And if He had not desired thus He would have prevented the people from acting upon it. [al-Najm 53:13-18] Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said, "There is none amongst the Muslims who plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, but is regarded as a charitable gift for him." (Bukhari) But We cast him forth on the naked shore while he was sick, and We caused a plant of gourd to grow over him." We should not view this problem like human stories. Question 95: Is Not Khums a Cause For Social Difference? Question 40: How Zulqarnain Saw That The Sun Sets In Dark Water? Other plants were also procured as either plants or seeds from the countries in which they grow. Question 78: Does Prayer Have A Role In Acceptance of All Deeds? The scholars of Arabic language said: the cedar (al-arz) is a tree similar to the stone pine tree, which grows in Syria and Armenia. Most of the visual depictions of the Paradise garden were abstracted depictions of general gardens, alluding to Paradise. Was this answer helpful? Al-Nawawi said: It is called Sidrat al-Muntaha because the knowledge of the angels stops at that point, and no one has gone beyond it except the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Question 59: Why is Charity Compared To An Ear Having 700 Grains? Groves of trees, nonetheless, are very important in rural areas, across the Islamic world, where they may serve as cemetery grounds, as places where male circumcision takes place, as sites that can provide blessing, and where other religious ceremonies are undertaken (Ben-Ami, 1998; Dafni, 2007; Lebbie & Freudenberger, 1996). While Muslims around the world condemned these cartoons, the matter was escalated by some radicals who took matters into their own hands and started murdering people they thought were anti-Islam.. Acts that are haram are prohibited in the religious texts of the Quran and the Sunnah. Have you been to Syria? He said, No. He said, It resembles a tree in Syria called al-Jawzah (walnut) which grows on one trunk then spreads its branches higher up. The Bedouin asked, How big is its trunk? He said, If one of the camels of your people was to go around it, it would not complete one circuit before its neck broke of old age and exhaustion. This makes . Are all plants halal in Islam? The Metropolitan Museum of Art, I.e. Thus this comparison is absolutely incorrect that if Allah did not desire that Adam (a.s.) should eat the prohibited fruit He would have stopped him. Within the Garden Carpet, the composition of the textile is divided symmetrically across the vertical and horizontal axis, leading to four equal divisions of the carpet, creating a four-fold garden. But the required personal changes are sometimes simple and manageable. Below is a quotation from A. Watson, Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World; Cambridge Uni. NASHVILLE, Tenn. - Mohamed Nurhussien faced the usual challenges of a low-income worker trying to buy a home, with one big difference: As a Muslim he was forbidden by his religion to pay . Question 42: Does This Verse Point Towards The Artificial Means of The Present World? Although Dioscorides wrote in Greek, the importance of his text is evident in the fact that it was translated into Arabic. He gave free will to men and left them on their own but side-by-side he has formulated many rules and regulations for his training. 1. [al-Saafaat 37:62-68] Founded in the 7th century AD by the prophet Muhammad, Islam calls its faithful to maintain a strict adherence to certain religious practices, including the Salat, formal worship performed five times a day. The example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. Bilou. On the contrary the Holy Quran says that before setting in Paradise, Adam (a.s.) possessed a vast knowledge and intellect and was to a great extent needless of the tree of knowledge and insight. A number of trees are mentioned in the Qur'aan and Sunnah, some of which will be discussed below: The date palm tree. Books on the science of agriculture became popular including calendars and almanacs that informed people of when to plant certain crops or flowers. According to some annual surveys, after 2007, more teenagers smoked marijuana than cigarettes in the United States. islam is one religion who is forbidden to worship idols. 2-Surah Al-Baqarah ( The Cow ) 261. Abu Dhabi ITC to issue driving, vehicle licensing, Video: How sudden stop led to a multi-vehicle crash, Sharjah police arrest residency violators, Fujairah Ruler leads UAE delegation to UN Conference, WPL gets underway with massive Mumbai win, Medvedevd says Dubai best of his three recent wins, Six killed in blast at oxygen plant in Bangladesh, Well-preserved 500-year-old spices found on shipwreck. Ibn Umar reported: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: There is a kind of tree whose leaves do not fall and it is like the Muslim. Then, thereafter, their return is to the flaming fire of Hell." The sources of the Islamic laws are the Al Quran, Hadith, Ijma' and Qiyas. Characteristic of Islamic architecture, holes were drilled into the column, creating a surface with multiple levels. So I sat down, thinking to myself, and when I turned around, I saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) coming towards me, and the two trees had separated and taken up their former positions." Even when Islam expanded into regions that were not arid and had an abundance of plants, the desire to use plant motifs in art and architecture remained. According to Qur'an, the fruits like grape, date, fig, olive and pomegranate are gifts and heavenly fruits of God Fresh and dry fruits are the natural staple food of man. The ornate buildings with their various pavilions near the flowing river and highly decorated columns create an idealized world. Source: The interweaving lines allude to vines along with the leaves that protrude from the general structure. List of things that are haram (Major Sins): The Biggest Sin in Islam Mistreating & Disrespecting the Parents Islamic Dress Code for Men & Women Prohibited Meat (Haram Food) They used to believe that on the first day Adam (a.s.) was ignorant that he was not ashamed of his nakedness but when he ate of the forbidden fruit (knowledge and intellect) or became rational being, he became a sinner and he was expelled from Paradise and the proximity of the Lord. Each page from the De Materia Medica includes the name of the plant, a basic description of its uses, and a visual representation of the plant. There are also 42 plants mentioned in the Sunnah, including Nigella sativa (black cumin), saffron, aloe vera and mustard. Why it is allowed to pray two Prayers together? The beauty and detail found in the images of the plants, along with the information about their medical uses, is important on each page of the, . Question 21: Why It Is Forbidden To Read The Deviated Books? According to another report, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The example of the kaafir is that of the firmly-rooted cedar which does not yield to anything until it is uprooted in one go." While currently housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the original location of these tiles speaks to the artistic exchange that occurred between gardens and art objects. As seen in. [al-Noor 24:35] Riddle, John M. Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine. Question 7: Why To Face The Qibla In Prayers? While this page, along with many others in the treatise describe the many uses of the plants, Dioscorides also wrote about important medical processes, such as the method of creating sour wine which was thought to be beneficial to digestion. Dioscoridess De Materia Medica is perhaps the most famous of these treatises. Additionally, there was difficulty for the Arabic translators and artists who were transcribing the treatise. Question 13: What Is The Difference Between Perspiration And Urine? These trees are mentioned in muslim literature and I am looking for their credibility (Reported by Ibn Hibbaan; see also Saheeh al-Jaami, 3918) The Forbidden Tree or al-Shajara al-Mamn'a (Arabic: ) refers to a tree the fruits of which were forbidden by God for Adam (a) and Eve when they resided in the heaven.However, they were deceived by the temptations of Iblis (Satan) and ate the fruits of the Forbidden Tree. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Tooba is a tree in Paradise, one hundred years big. This tree is also mentioned in the Quraan (interpretation of the meaning): Question 67: What Are Smaller And Greater Sins? Adam's act of disregarding the advice by Allah (swt) is commonly termed . The trees and various plants in this image are colored in a bright blue that, while not naturalistic, evokes a decorative aspect of the tiles and helps to unify the colors of the piece. The herb section includes Neurada precumbens, cumin, Armenian cucumber, garlic, ginger, grapes, pumpkin, leek, lentil, mustard plant, onions, aloe vera, barley, chard, Citrullus colocynthis and Nigella sativa (black cumin). First of all, we know that mystical experiences are an aspect of Islam. So that man can come into existence and the man who is present now and who with the passing of times will continue to come. Question 10: What is The Purpose of Prayers of Ayaat? Some Muslims believe that rejecting what has been allowed by the word of. This Adam was created for realization and that Adam is commanded that he should not let knowledge and insight enter his mind. The amount of time it takes for the vines and the plants growing near it to become forbidden, as well as how much of each plant becomes forbidden, varies . Great Mosque of Damascus. Question 2: How to ponder on the Philosophy of Islamic Laws? Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath been invoked a name other than that of Allah. For most Muslims it's an absolute prohibition - Muhammad, or any of the other prophets of Islam, should not be pictured in any way. "Is that (Paradise) better entertainment or the tree of Zaqqoom (a horrible tree in Hell)? Islamic aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that the creation of living forms is God's prerogative. Accessed through, http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2012/byzantium-and-islam/blog/topical-essays/posts/sasanians, As stated earlier, the mosaics in the Great Mosque of Damascus are an exception to the typical depiction of gardens in Islamic art. Allaah guides to His Light whom He wills. Question 74: What Is The Legal Position Regarding Abortion of Illegitimate Fetus? The mufassireen (commentators) said: The gourd (al-yaqteen) is a kind of pumpkin. "He has forbidden you only dead animals, and blood, and the swine, and that which is slaughtered as a sacrifice for other than God." (Quran 2:173) Sometimes we may never know or understand why God has ordained some things and prohibited others. All rights reserved. Never hang around aimlessly and idly; "so when you are done appoint (to a new task)." (94: 7) 5. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. Question 51: What is the Benefit of Uttering Allahs Name Before Starting Anything? The Quran does not explicitly prohibit visual representation of any living being. Then on the top of that they will be given boiling water to drink so that it becomes a mixture (of boiling water and Zaqqoom in their bellies). Because in the same way this comparison will come true for the sinners. Museum With No Frontiers, n.d. 05 Apr. The fruits described in the hadeeth are well known: they are the fruits of the lotus tree. Tree of Life Most of the plant motifs used in Islamic art were inherited from other cultures and from nature itself: Islamic designers [seemed] to have an endless and indigenous appetite for exploring the huge range of design possibilities offered by the natural variety in plant life (Victoria and Albert Museum). In Soorat al-Muminoon, Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "And a tree (olive) that springs forth from Mount Sinai, that grows oil, and (it is a) relish for the eaters." There is, however, one, probable, representation of Paradise found in the mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus. The Holy Qur'an, the Hadith, and . [al-Muminoon 23:20] The Capital from Madinat al-Zahra, just outside of Crdoba, Spain, currently in the Victoria and Albert Museum, exemplifies the use of plant motifs in architecture and the influence that other cultures and nature had over Islamic architecture. Question 90: Has Islam Prescribed The Duties of Woman? The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Muslims ought to know and understand when the consumption of weed is halal and when it is considered Haram. Tuba tree Question 18: What Is The Purpose of Jizya? is perhaps the most famous of these treatises. This shows the attention to detail that Islamic artists gave to plants and their inspiration from the natural world. Art and Architecture of the Islamic World. Question 23: The Reason of Strictness In Proving Certain Sins (Crimes). This was recorded in the saheeh report narrated by Imaam Muslim, may Allaah have mercy on him, from Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased with him): " We stopped in a fragrant valley, and the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) wanted to answer the call of nature. Among the plants are tamarisk, Christ's thorn, palms, Punica granatum (pomegranates), grapes, figs, olives, basil, eucalyptus, ginger, Acacia tortilis, Buxus dioica, Salvadora persica and. Date-Palm (Quran verse 20) Amazon 3. Question 102: Did Amir al-Mumineen Ali (a.s.) Ever Depend On The Tradition of Ghadeer To Prove His Caliphate? Trees (plants) with foul-smelling "fruits" after eating which the Muslims are forbidden to come to the mosque 05 Apr. The complex irrigation systems created by Islamic engineers allowed for the transportation of water throughout not only the gardens but also the dry landscape as well. Muslims refrain from eating pork and pork products because God has forbidden it. Question 85: What is The Ruling about Sports like Boxing? The importance of plants in Islamic culture was exhibited not only in art, but also in medicine. Question 50: Is This Ayat Contrary To The Issue of Abiding Forever? Question 71: Is It Allowed To Give Physical Punishment For Women? This Adam is Adam in the proper sense and that Adam is ignorant from all aspects. Men wearing silk or Gold. And Allaah knows best. Question 16: The Harmful Effects of Pork on the Health of a Person. Through the inclusion of these wealthy women and many of their beautiful vases, seen in the grass, this work shows the importance and prestige that was associated with gardens. "And, verily, Yoonus was one of the Messengers Then a (big) fish swallowed him and he had done an act worthy of blame. Artistic liberties within the copied plant diagrams lead to confusion on the true appearance of many of the plants. Question 32: Prayer For Correct Guidance To The Right Path (Siraatul Mustaqeem). Haram means that avoiding things that are not allowed in hadith and Quran. Pedanius Dioscorides served as a physician in the Roman legions and traveled widely collecting drugs and plants (Riddle, 1). Question 9: How Does Prayers Keep a Person Away From Sin? Question 57: Why Is There No Bismillah In The Beginning of Surah Baraat? And it is such a plan that was arranged for by the Almighty Himself. I said: You have shown me around tonight; tell me about what I have seen. They said, Yes the old man at the foot of the tree was Ibraaheem (upon whom be peace), and the children around him were the children of mankind" (al-Bukhaari, 1270). The sight (of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)) turned not aside (right or left), nor did it transgress beyond (the) limit (ordained for it). 244258. This same desired distanced him from, the Paradise and that was his tree of prohibition. Because of their disobedience, Adam (a) and Eve lost their clothes and were ousted from . The. There are many references to fruits in ancient literature. Gardens are perhaps the most obvious demonstration of the Islamic love for plants. Slaughtering Animals without saying Allah's name. Clark, Emma. Question 94: Is Khums The Recompense of Prophethood? Plant related texts became popular among the ruling class after crops, such as sugar-cane and cotton, were used as a taxable commodity (Ruggles, 29). Question 76: Is The Sincerity of Intention Beneficial To The Deed? Abu Aseed said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Eat the oil and use it on your hair and skin, for it comes from a blessed tree." window.__mirage2 = {petok:"iv0YnxV7zrKLmJczkd4ohx6DHn_UIjkN9jLJUBE9BZA-1800-0"}; With its origins in the arid climate of the Arabian Peninsula, it is no wonder that the Islamic world was fascinated by plants throughout history. Question 22: Why The Holy Quran Cannot Be Given To Any Non-Muslim? Earning or eating Interest. And. . In Islam, eating meat is regarded as halal, which means Muslims are allowed to do it under the rules of their religion. Answers for forbidden, in islam crossword clue, 5 letters. he (Shaitan) expelled your parents from the garden, pulling off from them both their clothing that he might show them their evil inclinations2, the Shaitan made an evil suggestion to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their inclinations3. Many Muslims believe that the Quran and Sunnah prohibit music (instruments and singing); however other Muslims disagree and believe that some forms of music are permitted. Accept it from me as You accepted it from Your slave Daawood)." Ibn Abbaas said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) recited an aayah where a sajdah is required, then he prostrated, and I heard him saying the same words that the man had reported that the tree had said. It was expensive to maintain gardens so they were therefore enjoyed especially by the rulers and court. Tree of Knowledge A woman or a man of the Ansaar said: "O Messenger of Allaah, should we not make for you a minbar ("pulpit")?" They had to solely rely on second hand depictions of the plants and then copy them into a new manuscript. includes the name of the plant, a basic description of its uses, and a visual representation of the plant. Question 39: Importance of Laylatul-Qadr. Among the plants are tamarisk, Christs thorn, palms, Punica granatum (pomegranates), grapes, figs, olives, basil, eucalyptus, ginger, Acacia tortilis, Buxus dioica, Salvadora persica and Lawsonia inermis. The mirror-like quality in the display of the work is enhanced by the detail given to the trees and each individual flower found throughout the grass. Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: The example of the believer is like that of a plant which is continually bent over by the wind; the believer is continually beset with afflictions. Question 11: Why Should Women Cover Themselves In Prayers? The relationship between Islam and music has long been a complex and controversial matter. Question 3: Why Should We Do Taqlid (Follow A Mujtahid) In Religious Problems? The Garden Carpet from Iran, currently in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, depicts one of the most typical layouts of the Islamic garden, the four-fold garden known as the Chahar Bagh. Light upon Light! They took me up to that tree and into a house; I have never seen any more beautiful than that house. The garden features trees including Vachellia oerfota, banana, eucalyptus, Christs thorn, Citrus medica, agarwood, figs, Lawsonia inermis, costus, Nitraria (Al Gharqad), olives, palms, tamarisk and Acacia tortilis. Ibn Abbaas said: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allaah, last night I had a dream in which it was as if I was praying behind a tree. According to Taurat Adam and Hawwa were nude and they did not feel any shame of their nudity. This could transform the desert from wasteland to a prosperous landscape of small agricultural estates that gave forth enough food to sustain permanent residential communities (Ruggles, 14). Thus according to clean words of the Bible the first and the greatest sin of man was the sin of knowledge and insight. Then they brought me out and took me up to the tree and into another house, even better than the first one. Trees mentioned in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Dioscoridess. This is a good tree to which Allah likened the word of Tawhid when it is established in the sincere heart, where it bears fruits of good deeds that strengthen Iman (faith). (Because the intention of man has no value before the intention of Allah and only that comes to pass which the Almighty desires). Most of the pages include accurate depictions of the plants but some plants are unidentifiable based on the illustrations. Question 79: How To Pray And Fast In The Polar Regions? "Poppy and hashish both are forbidden plants in Islam. Verily! Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "See you not how Allaah sets forth a parable? Form a strong Islamic family to keep you in peace; "And of His signs is that He created for you mates from your own selves that you may take comfort in them, and He ordained affection and mercy between you." (30:21) 4. Ruggles, D. Fairchild. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. The above-mentioned is an example of the same. This is also in the meaning of the loss of their clothes. Question 8: Why Do We Pray Five Prayers In Three Times? (Please note). The importance of plants in Islamic culture was exhibited not only in art, but also in medicine. Question 86: Questions of An American Muslim. There is a Jews behind me, come and kill him! (All the trees will say this except for the gharqad (box-thorn), for it is one of the trees of the Jews." (Reported by Imaam Ahmad; it is a saheeh hadeeth). These panels would most likely have been found on the wall of a garden pavilion, providing a mirror to the surrounding environment (Garden Gathering). The inhabitants of the early Islamic world were, to a degree that is difficult for us to comprehend, enchanted by greenery. Question 17: Why An Unbeliever Is Impure? Inscriptions found throughout the building discuss the gardens of Paradise, leading scholars such as Finbar Flood to posit that these mosaics were direct representations of the gardens of Paradise as described in the Quran (Flood). The Art of the Islamic Garden. Yet some Muslims believe that any instrument is lawful as long as it is used for the permissible kinds of music. Question 87: What Are The Causes of Advancement of The Muslims In The Past Ages And Their Downfall In The Modern Era? Much of this visual inaccuracy was due to the way in which manuscripts were produced at that time: A text was produced for oral delivery at first and then, if important and valuable enough, it would be copied down (Ruggles, 31). The Taliban has said it will ban music in public in Afghanistan because it is forbidden in Islam, despite the assurances given by the insurgent group that it will be more tolerant than it was two decades ago.
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